Mastering A&P Neurophysiology Practice Test

Dendrites are the parts of a neuron responsible for detecting chemical signals from other neurons. These structures are specifically designed to receive neurotransmitters released by neighboring neurons, which bind to receptor sites on the dendrites. This process initiates a series of electrical changes in the neuron, contributing to signal transmission.

Dendrites increase the surface area available for these chemical communications, allowing a neuron to form connections with multiple other neurons. This is crucial for the integration of information and the overall function of the nervous system, as neurons communicate mainly through chemical signals in synapses.

In contrast, the axon transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body, while the cell body contains the nucleus and organelles vital for cellular functions. The synaptic terminals, located at the end of the axon, play a role in the release of neurotransmitters but do not detect signals. Thus, the dendrites are essential for sensing and responding to the chemical environment created by other neurons.